vegetables and spices
Olericulture ;
latin word deals with culture and management of vegetable crops
classification of vegetable
crops
there are different basis for classification
classification
based on
v Life span
o
Annual :
bootle gourd , bittre gourd ,okra,muskmelon ,etc.
o
Bienneal
:cabbage , turnip, onion etc.
o
Perennial :
elephant foot yam,yam etc.
v parts and use Plant
o
Root :
raddish ,carrot ,turnip ,beetroot ,sweet potato
o
Stem :
Aspergus, knolkhol ,potato, yam
o
Leaves:
cabbage , Brussels , sprouts , lettuce ,spinach ,amaranthus,fenugreek
,celery,broad leaf mustard ,cress, ,coriander .
o
Flower:
cauliflower, globe ,artivhoke,sprouting broccoli,etc.
o
Immature fruits :
broad bean, cucumber,okra,pea,summer squash,bottle gourd,sponge gourd,ridge
gourd ,pointed gourd,cow pea ,etc.
o
Mature fruits :
tomato , muskmelon ,watermelon ,pumpkin ,etc.
v Hardiness.
o
Hardy (
resistant to frost or essentially cool season crops): asparagus,
broccoli,cabbage, garlic,knolkhol,onion,parsley,pea, raddish, turnip, etc.
o
Half hardy :
(tolerant to cold); carrot , cauliflower, celery , garden bit ,glove,
atricjoke., lettuce, parsnip, potato etc.
o
Tender Lcan not with stand frost ) amaranthus, okra,
bringal,capsicum,cassava,cowpea, cucurbits, sweet corn, tomato, yam, etc.
v Growing season
o Terai region
a) Winter
vegetable crops:(generally grown below 25 degree centigrade ) for
eg.cauliflower knolkhol , broccoli,kale , broadleaf mustard,c ress, spinach ,
radish ,turnip,carrot,beet, onion, garlic , tomato,brinjal,sweet
pepper,lettuce,leek, etc.
b) Summer
and rainy season vegetables : ( generally grown above 25 degree centigrade) for
eg. Cucurbits, okra,taro,cassava,amaranthus,,cowpea,beans,asparagus,bean, sweet
corn.
o Hilly region
a) Winter
vegetable crops for eg. Cauliflower,
knolkhol,broccoli,kale, broadleaf mutard,spinach,radish,carrot,turnip, onion
,garlic, leek,chives,peas etc.
b) Summer
or rainy season vegetables : tomato , brinjal, okra,sweet pepper, chillies,
cucurbits,beans, cowpea, asparagus,bean, sweet potato etc.
v Rate of respiration
o
High rate of respiration :
leafy vegetables, broccoli, asparagus,peas and beans
o
Medium rate of respiration : beat.,
carrot, cucumber, muskmelon,tomato,sweet pepper, cabbage, sweet potato turnip
etc.
o
Low rate of resoiration :
onion potato etc.
Note
: vegetables having low rate of respiration have high keeping quality and vice
versa.
v Propagation methods :
o
seeds-
radish , okra, pea, beans, cucurbits,curcifers,, solanaceous crops etc.
o
vegetative propagation
:pointed gourd, potato, yam , cassava, taro, clocascia, sweet potato.
v Soil ph : classification based on the response of vegetables to soil reaction ,
vegetables are grouped as slightly , moderate,and very tolerant to acidic soils .
o
Slightly tolerant
(6-6.8)- asparagus, onion ,broccoli,cabbage, spinach,cauliflower,leek, lettuce,muskmelon
, celery
o
Moderately tolerant(5.5-6)
: carrot, cucumber, brinjal,garlic, pea, chilly ,knolkhol,radish, pumpkin,
tomato, turnip etc.
o
Highly tolerant(5.0-5.5)
: potato, sweet potato, watermelon.etc
v Botanical classification :
o
Class: monocotyledonae:
Name of crops
sc. Name family
Onion Allium cepa L
Alliaceae
Garlic A.sativum L ,,
,, ,,
Shallot A.cepa var. oscolonicum L (chyapi ,, ,,
Sweet corn zea mays L var. rugosa Gramineae
Asparagus Asparagus officinalis
Liliaceae
Greater yam Dioscorea alata dioscoreaceae
Lesser yam D. esculenta ,, ,,
White yam D.rotundata as
above
Turmeric curcuma longa Zingiberaceae
Zinger Zinger
officinalis
o
Class Dicotyladoneae
Spinach
spinacia oleracea chenopodiaceae
Beet root beta vulgaris
Lettuce
lactuca sativa compositae
Sweet
potato ipomea batatus convulvulaceae
Common
cabbage Brassica oleracea v. capitata crusiferae
Cauliflower
B.oleracea v. borty tis
Brussels
sprout B. olerecea
v, gemmifera
Kale B. oleracea v. acephala
Knolkhol B. olerecea v. gongylodes
Turnip B. rapa v. glabra
Chinese cabbage B. compestris ssp. Chinensis
Radish raphanus sativus
Pumpkin
Cucurbita moschata Cucurbitaceae
Water melon Citrullus lanatus
Cucumber Cucumis sativus
Musk melon Cucumis melo
Garden
pea Pisum sativum ssp . hortense Leguminosae
Field pea P.
sativum ssp. Arvense
French bean phaseolus vulgaris
Broad bean vicia faba
Cow pea Vigna unguiculata
Soyabean
Glycine max
Okara
Ahelmoshus esculentus Malvaceae
Potato Solanum tuberosum solanaceae
Bringal
solanum melongena
Tomato
Lycopersicum esculentum
Chilli Capsicum annum
Carrot Daucus carota Umbelliferae
Celery
Apium graveolens
v Based on photoperiod
requirement
o
Long day plant :
potato, radish, turnip, carrot ,spinach , cauliflower, knolkhol,onion, beet ,
lettuce, etc.
o Short day plant : sweet potato, Indian spinach, beans etc.
Day
neutral plant : tomato brinjal,
chilli,cow pea, okra, cucumber.etc
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